Comparison of Wool Fabrics, Qualities and Characteristics

Wool, known for its quality, durability, and elegance, is one of the most valued fabrics in the world of fashion and textiles. However, not all wool is created equal; different qualities and types exist that can make a significant difference in terms of comfort, functionality, and aesthetics. In this guide, we'll explore the main varieties of wool fabrics and their characteristics to help you choose the best option for your needs.

What is wool and why is it so special?

Wool is a natural fiber obtained primarily from sheep, although it can also come from other animals such as alpacas, llamas, cashmere goats, and camels. This fiber has been used for centuries due to its unique properties:

• Hypoallergenic and breathable: Unlike other fabrics, wool allows the skin to breathe and helps maintain an optimal body temperature.
• Thermal regulation: In both cold and warm climates, wool acts as a natural insulator.
• Durability: Its wear resistance makes it an ideal choice for garments and textiles that need to last.

Now that we know the basics of wool, let's go into detail about its different types, qualities, and uses.

Types of wool and their characteristics

The quality of wool depends on several factors, such as thickness, fiber length, and softness. Here's a summary of the most common types and their properties.

Merino wool

Characteristics:

• Fine, soft fiber, usually between 18 and 24 microns thick.
• Excellent thermal regulation capacity, perfect for both winter and warm climates.
• Odor resistant and highly breathable.

Common uses:

It is widely used in sportswear, luxury garments and underwear, due to its softness and versatility.

Special note:

Merino wool comes from sheep specifically bred to produce this type of fiber. It's a favorite for its comfort against the skin.

Cashmere

Characteristics:

• Obtained from cashmere goats, this fiber is extremely fine (usually less than 16 microns).
• Soft to the touch and lightweight, they offer an incomparable feeling of luxury.
• Less elastic than other wools, but extremely warm.

Common uses:

Popular in sweaters, scarves, and other high-end garments due to its stylish look and unique feel.

Special note:

Due to the rarity of the fiber, cashmere tends to be a more expensive option.

Alpaca

Characteristics:

• Durable, warm, and lanolin-free fiber, ideal for those with allergies to traditional wool.
• Available in a wide range of natural colors.
• Lighter and more resistant to pilling than sheep's wool.

Common uses:

Ideal for jackets, blankets and outerwear that need to combine warmth with lightness.

Special note:

Alpaca garments are prized for their beauty and wear resistance.

Mohair

Characteristics:

• Derived from the Angora goat, this fiber is shiny and smooth.
• Its thickness varies depending on the age of the goat, being thinner in younger animals.
• High elasticity and great insulating capacity.

Common uses:

Especially common in vests, scarves and suits due to its natural shine and comfort.

Special note:

Not to be confused with Angora, which comes from rabbits.

Lana Shetland

Characteristics:

• Thick, strong fiber derived from sheep native to the Shetland Islands in Scotland.
• More textured compared to Merino wool, but equally warm.

Common uses:

Favored for garments such as sweaters and cardigans that require durability in cold climates.

Special note:

The classic design of Shetland wool sweaters has inspired several fashion trends.

How to choose the right wool fabric

Selecting the type of wool depends largely on your specific needs. Here are some guidelines to help you decide:

End use:

• Looking for winter clothes? Opt for cashmere or alpaca.
• Need breathable activewear? Merino is your best option.

 

Budget:

• Cashmere and mohair tend to be more expensive, while Shetland or Merino wool offer good options at more affordable prices.
• Weather conditions:
• Alpaca and Merino wool are ideal for their ability to adapt to different climates.

Maintenance:

• When choosing wool for everyday wear, consider whether it requires special care, such as hand washing or dry cleaning.

 

Wool care and maintenance

Regardless of the type of wool, proper care is crucial to maintaining the quality and prolonging the life of your garments:

• Washing: Use wool-specific detergents and cold water. Most garments should be hand-washed or washed on a delicate cycle.
• Drying: Never use a dryer. Lay wool garments flat to prevent them from warping.
• Storage: Store your wool garments in a cool, dry place, preferably in cloth bags to protect them from moths.

Elegance and comfort

Investing in quality wool fabrics is a decision that combines elegance, functionality, and sustainability. With so many options available, from classic Merino wool to luxurious cashmere, there's something perfect for every need and style.

Ready to find the perfect fiber for your next project or wardrobe? Choose quality and show off comfort and style with woolen fabrics that make the difference.