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Complete guide to types of wool fabrics

Wool is one of the most iconic and important fabrics in the textile world. From its ability to provide warmth to its versatility to adapt to different needs, wool is essential in our daily lives. But not all wool fabrics are created equal. Did you know that there are different types of wool fabrics, each with specific characteristics, uses, and care requirements?

In this guide, we will explore the main types of wool fabrics, their applications, and advantages so you can choose the best option for your needs. If you've ever wondered what the difference is between merino wool, cashmere, or tweed, this article is for you.

 

What is wool and why is it so special?

Before delving into the different types of wool fabrics, it's important to understand what makes this material so unique. Wool is a natural fiber generally obtained from sheep, although it can also come from other animals such as goats, alpacas, or camelids.

The main characteristics of wool include:

● Thermal insulation: Maintains body heat in cold climates and allows perspiration in warmer temperatures.
● Elasticity: It has a remarkable ability to recover its shape, which helps prevent wrinkles.
● Durability: If properly cared for, wool garments can last for years.
● Sustainability: It is a biodegradable and renewable fiber, making it an ecological option.

Now that we know its basic properties, let's move on to discover its most popular variations.

 

Main types of wool fabrics

Merino Work

Merino wool is perhaps one of the best-known and most valued varieties on the market. It is obtained from Merino sheep, a breed native to Spain but now widely raised in Australia and New Zealand.

Key Features:

● Soft and light, it does not produce the typical itching associated with wool.
● Excellent ability to regulate body temperature.
● Ideal for thermal underwear, scarves and everyday wear.


Frequent uses:

● Outdoor sports, such as hiking or skiing.
● Casual and premium clothing.

 

Cashmere

Cashmere, also known as “the gold of wool,” comes from cashmere goats, mainly raised in Central Asia.

Key Features:

● Ultra soft and luxurious to the touch.
● Noticeably lighter than other types of wool.
● More expensive due to its limited production and quality.


Frequent uses:

● High-end sweaters, scarves, and coats.

 

Tweed

Tweed is a traditional fabric of Scottish origin characterized by its robust texture and "speckled" appearance.

Key Features:

● Strong and durable.
● Available in a wide range of patterns and colors.
● Perfect for cold and wet climates due to its water resistance.


Frequent uses:

● Classic jackets, suits and hats.

 

Alpaca wool

Originating from camelids raised primarily in the Andes, alpaca wool is known for being one of the softest and warmest fibers.

Key Features:

● Warmer and lighter than traditional sheep wool.
● Hypoallergenic, as it does not contain lanolin.
● Available in a variety of natural colors.


Frequent uses:

● Ponchos, scarves, blankets and sweaters.
 

Mohair

Mohair comes from Angora goats, known for producing a shiny, delicate wool.

Key Features:

● Silky fiber with a shiny appearance.
● Lightweight but excellent at retaining heat.
● Prone to blending with other fibers to increase its durability.


Frequent uses:

● Scarves, elegant garments and decorative textiles.

 

Wool felt

Wool felt is a nonwoven material created by compressing and bonding wool fibers.

Key Features:

● It does not fray or stretch.
● Very versatile and easy to work with.
● Available in a wide range of thicknesses.


Frequent uses:

● Crafts, hats, bags and home accessories.

 

Lambswool

Lambswool is the first wool obtained from a lamb, generally less than seven months old.

Key Features:

● Very soft and without the itchy effect.
● It absorbs moisture well, keeping you dry and comfortable.
● Ideal for autumn and winter climates.


Frequent uses:

● Sweaters, gloves and scarves.

 

How to choose the perfect wool fabric

Choosing the right wool fabric will depend on several factors:

1. Specific use: Are you looking for extreme warmth for winter or a lightweight fabric for transitional seasons? For example, cashmere is perfect for exclusive pieces, while tweed is more functional for the outdoors.
2. Skin sensitivity: If you have sensitive skin, options like merino wool or alpaca will be more comfortable.
3. Personal style: Materials like mohair stand out for their shine and texture, ideal for elegant looks.
4. Budget: Keep in mind that some varieties, such as cashmere or mohair, are more expensive due to their exclusivity.

Basic care of wool fabrics

Wool is a noble fabric, but it also requires special maintenance to preserve its properties:

● Washing: Wash with cold water and a specific wool detergent, preferably by hand.
● Drying: Avoid hanging clothes, as they can become misshapen. Instead, dry them flat on a clean, dry surface.
● Storage: Always store clean clothes in airtight bags to avoid moths.

Find the ideal wool fabric for you

Wool is a timeless fabric that combines functionality, style, and sustainability. From the softness of cashmere to the classic ruggedness of tweed, there's a variety of fabrics perfect for every need. With this guide, we hope we've clarified your doubts and helped you make better decisions when choosing your next wool garment or material.

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